The Los Angeles Basin Pollution Problems Essay Example for Free

The Los Angeles Basin Pollution Problems Essay Final draft The significant air pollution problem in the Los Angeles Basin has been one of the most severe environmental issues that concerned the society. Due to the American tradition, public transportations are not so commonly used; therefore, a majority of the individuals owned a car. The most commonly used transportation is the convenient motor vehicles that are driven everywhere. With the high volume of traffic daily, the tremendous amount of air pollution that is produced by highly-polluted vehicles are growing at an exponential rate Although the government has been putting a massive amount of work into preventing additional air pollution from being continuously produced and also trying to wipe out the polluted air that already existed, it is still the most challenging environmental issue in America. Statistically proven that â€Å"in Southern California, episodic outdoor levels of ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) historically have been among the highest in the United States, and they continue to exceed federal and state clean air guidelines.† (Kà ¼nzli et al., 2003, p.1) CAUSE Historically, * â€Å"The first recognized episodes of smog in Los Angeles occurred in the summer of 1943. Visibility was limited to only three blocks and residents suffered from smarting eyes, respiratory discomfort, nausea, and vomiting†¦ Smog events continued to plague Los Angeles throughout the 1940s.† â€Å"The City of Los Angeles began its air pollution control program in 1945, establishing the Bureau of Smoke Control in its health department. On June 10, 1947.† â€Å"During the 1940s and 1950s, air pollution control focused on obvious sources, such as backyard burning and incinerators, open burning at garbage dumps, and smoke emissions from factories. During the 1950s and 1960s, local air quality officials implemented the use of vapor recovery equipment for the bulk transfer of gasoline, regulated petroleum-based solvents, and required permits for rendering plants that processed animal waste. Starting in 1970, the federal government phased out lead in gasoline. In 1975, the first oxidizing catalytic converters to reduce CO and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions came into use as part of CARB’s Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program.† (2007, pp. 276-278)

Violence In Films Essay -- essays research papers

What place does violence have in the movies? Well, I believe that violence has a place in movies depending on the particular film and what the director of the film is trying to portray. If the director uses violence in his/her film and there isn't any reason behind it, then I would disagree and say that violence shouldn't be in THAT particular film. But in a movie like "Saving Private Ryan", Steven Spielburg replicates the actual events of D-Day on to the big screen by creating a violent-like scene to get the viewer of an understanding of what U.S. troops had to go through. In other films, we see violence used to test the human soul and to see if he/she/they could overcome trials and tribulations. In the film "Independence Day", Earth was attacked "violently&quo... Violence In Films Essay -- essays research papers What place does violence have in the movies? Well, I believe that violence has a place in movies depending on the particular film and what the director of the film is trying to portray. If the director uses violence in his/her film and there isn't any reason behind it, then I would disagree and say that violence shouldn't be in THAT particular film. But in a movie like "Saving Private Ryan", Steven Spielburg replicates the actual events of D-Day on to the big screen by creating a violent-like scene to get the viewer of an understanding of what U.S. troops had to go through. In other films, we see violence used to test the human soul and to see if he/she/they could overcome trials and tribulations. In the film "Independence Day", Earth was attacked "violently&quo...

America Correctional Association

The American Correctional Association (ACA) is the largest correctional association in the world and represents all organizations of corrections within the criminal justice system. â€Å"The ACA is comprised of 78 chapters and affiliated organizational members, including federal, state, and military correctional facilities and prisons, county jails and detention centers, community corrections and halfway houses, and probation/parole agencies. The organization leads the cause of corrections and correctional effectiveness for practitioners and to benefit the public† (Gale). In 1870, it was established as the National Prison Association (later renamed the American Prison Association), which makes it the oldest association in the correctional profession. The organization changed its name from the APA to the ACA in 1954 because they recognized that the corrections concept extends beyond prisons and jails. The ACA contributes towards increasing professional knowledge and abilities by providing an academic forum. The annual conventions focus on information about new philosophies and practices within the correctional disciplines. The ideas and information exchanged may ultimately affect over 600,000 staff members and inmates in the nation’s correctional systems† (Gale). The ACA also provides professional development, certification to standards and accreditation, and aids with research and publications. The ACA advocated for rehabilitation by providing offenders with physical exercise, recreation, religious programs, education, and job training. A nother issue within the ACA is the treatment and rehabilitation of female offenders. The Association on Programs for Female Offenders (APFO) is an affiliate of the ACA and serves as an advocacy group for female offenders. They advanced correctional concerns that pertain to female offenders. Some concerns are visitation with children, intra-prison pregnancies, and drug treatment programs designed to prevent harm to unborn children of pregnant females at the time of incarceration. With the knowledge and success the ACA provides, my career success can be improved. The education I received at Mount Mercy College is now getting improved from University of Phoenix. If I commit to a job within corrections after graduation, the ACA will continuously improve my education because of the unlimited access a member can receive. I would also try to attend their yearly conferences to become a better staff member within the correctional facility. References American Correctional Association. Retrieved from http://www. aca. org The Gale Group (2002). American Correctional Association. In World of Criminal Justice. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry. worldcrims/american_correctional_association_aca

Information and Communication Management of the Radio Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2297 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Information and Communication Management of Radio Industry EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Information and Communication Management of the Radio Industry" essay for you Create order Executive Summary i Introduction 1.1 Beginning of Radio Broadcasting in New Zealand 4 2.0 Analysis 2.1 Porters 5 Forces Analysis 8 2.2 Turning negative ICTs to Positive 11 2.3 Value Chain of Radio Industry 2.4 ICTs to Connect Linkages 23 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendations 24 4.0 References 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Beginning of Radio Broadcasting in New Zealand Radio broadcasting first came about in New Zealand in 1921. The occurrence happened in Wellington with an unlicensed transmission of recordings. Soon after, the first licensed radio broadcast occurred with the transmissions of concerts of a Professor from Otago University (Radio Spectrum Management, 2014). Therefore, it can be said that the first radio broadcastings in New Zealand were all transmitted by random individuals. It was not until 1922, when private radio stations were established with the accompaniment of the government. From then till 1930s, the private radio broadcasting industry flourished in the country. 1.1 Industry description 2.0 ANALYSIS 2.1 Porters 5 Forces In order to determine and achieve the competitive advantage, Michael E. Porter developed five competitive forces in a business environment that has a direct or indirect impact on the organization (Hill Jones, 2007). The fiv e forces Model of Porter divided entities into five groups as Threat of new entrant Competitive rivalry Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining of suppliers Threat of substitutes According to Porter, the higher the impact of the force, the more dangerous it is for the organization. The organization needs to find the negative forces and convert them to positive using strategies and ICT tools. All these forces can be changed, depends on the condition of industry (Hill Jones, 2007). Source Hill Jones, 2007 Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defines an industry as a group of firms producing and marketing products which are close substitutes for each other. In order to achieve an effective strategy, it is imperative to assess the industry. This is done using 10 steps. Identify competitors Identify buyers Identify suppliers Identify substitutes Identify new entrants Understand the relationship between competitors and buyers Understand the relationship between companies and suppliers Rivalry Threat of substitutes Threat of new entrants Using the ten steps mentioned above, we can analyze the radio industry in New Zealand as below: 2.2 Turning Negative ICTs to Positive ICT (Information and Communications Technology) takes a big part in the firm to develop in order to succeed in business. More than half of total expense is invested in ICT strategic planning. Sometimes it is hard to differentiate ICT and IT, but ICT has broader range than IT, it defines all the communication technology in life. All sorts of communication method such as broadcasting, social network, telecommunication and so on, are include in ICT. (Tech term, 2010) To have positive effect, the ICT should lift up profitability of industry. When it is well planned it also brings reducing of company expenses. ICT has an important job to analyze current business and to ensure the goal of the business reaching not only in short term but in long term. While ICT planning, Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s five forces model defines market situat ion well, also is a good tool to evaluate competitive position in industry. Among the 5 forces of Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, 4 forces are marked as negative forces and hereinafter suggested how ICT will turns it into positive effect. Rivalry There are many selections on Radio station for customer to choose. One good thing is that it has classified into various genres such as pop music, classic music, childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, entertainment, news, comedy and so on. Hence the range of rivalry is narrower than all in same genre, yet there are still few selections to select. It needs differentiation to be able to have more attraction from the Radioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s audience. A strategy that can be adapted in entertainment genre is that famous pop star or movie starà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s invitation. Their voice through Radio would attract the audience a lot also highly competitive compare to other channels that is on air at the same time. Radio channel can make an application which can easily operate in smart phone. The application is not only including the signal of itself, but also chat option for listener to comment. This application will lead more customer loyalty, as the smart phone is essential part in our lives it will make it all easy to connect to channel. More participants of audience will also make customer to stay together with same radio channel. For example, phone connecting between audience and Radio disc jockey. More participants of general people can attract more audience and it is eventually competitiveness. Bargaining power of buyers In Radio industry as well as most of industries, bargaining power of buyers will effect as negative. The buyers are who want to advertise in Radio channels. Top high ranking advertisers always have to find a spot for their advertisement in one of the radio channels. As mentioned in above sector, if the radio channel made an application it can make a positive effect and competitive. Advertiser a lso can make advertisement on the application so that people who connect to Radio through smart-phone can pass through it. Participation of general audience in the broadcasting, the brand can have more opportunity to advertise. For the gift that audience to receive would be the brand and it will announce it by Disc jockey. More of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s participation event would make more positive effect on this bargaining power of buyer. Bargaining power of suppliers In the Radio station, it requires numbers of expensive equipment to broadcast in New Zealand land-wide. The Supply power is negative to be powerful. To make this into positive, aiming not only for bargaining power of supplier, radio can broadcast simultaneously with video. Watch through video and listen to radio at the same time. Viewing of the whole radio station booth can expose the equipment and system. Threat of Substitutes Negative effect is made with threat of substitutes. The biggest substit utes would be the broadcasting on Television. By visual effect, the audiences are far more attracted in Television than audio effect of Radio. Almost every benefit that Radio offers is also on television. However the Radio has its advantage for people who drives on the road while tripping or elders who stays at home and turn on the Radio habitually. Especially people who travel a lot and spend time a lot in the car, tend to turn on the radio and listen to their favourite channel. It is certain that even if the television is far more loved by people, it can make a difference depending on occasion. And this is why advertiser still has to look into Radio advertising. Simultaneous combined broadcasting by video and audio is helpful to make this sector positive as well. Radio is normally not exposed to listener but this occasion people can view the radio booth that they have listened. With this, it has more powerful competitiveness compare to television and any other substitute. 2. 3 Value Chain of Radio Industry 2.3.1 2.3 ICTs to Connect Linkages The Value Chain analysis would be ineffective if its departments will not have a system to increase its value. In addition, a company or industry that can identify information communication technologies (ICTs) to link and improve each section could further smooth out internal and external operations and thus, increase profits. In the fast-paced changing business environment, we have identified below some ICTs to improve the linkages of the sections. ICT 1: Connecting directly to Mobile devices companies and application developers Connect Marketing/ Sales to After-sales support As industry borders are fast blurring e.g. the camera and mobile phone industries are merging, cars are being developed to fly, etc., the broadcasting industry should be prepared to merge with other technological advancements as well. As such, the New Zealand Radio Broadcast industry, particularly the companies operating in it , should also improve and develop ways to reach their target customers. The radio broadcast industry could possibly make tie ups with leading technology companies like Apple and Samsung to create built-in applications for transmitting radiowave frequencies directly to smart phones. Radio companies could also create exclusive tie-ups with Smartphone application developers like Clear Channel Communications. This company developed an application called iHeartRadio that streamed live radio broadcasts from different radio stations to mobile devices (Pearlson et al., 2013). By doing this, the industry could extend their reach of target customers who prefer to use their mobile devices. Thereby, companies would be also convinced to advertise through live radio streaming in mobile devices. ICT 2: Connecting directly to Telecommunications companies (Telcos) Connect Marketing/ Sales to After-sales support In addition to the previous ICT, radio companies could also employ technologi es that could free-up its dependency on radiowave signals. In short, radio broadcast industry should also look at mobile phone signals if it would be able to transmit live radio through it. Signing up exclusive contracts or partnering with Telecommunications companies like Vodafone, Telecom, etc. could improve its market reach and as such, advertising/ sales could pick up as well. ICT 3: Intranet database for employees and an Online Recruitment process Connect Human Resource activities to all Primary and other support activities An intranet-based data system with employee details could improve the value chain of the industry. By having this system, HR department could fully see the organizational structure of the company. It gives the HR a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whole and complete pictureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of the company employees from top to bottom. In addition, vacant positions could also be offered internally first to interested active employees before posting it online. The onlin e recruitment system could essentially speed up the recruitment process. By using an online recruitment system, HR could easily filter applicants who could fit the vacant position. The company could also advertise in online recruitment websites to spread the word about the vacant position. Thus, it would save the company a lot of time and money to recruit the right people for the job. ICT 4: Online system for Radio program schedule Connect Outbound logistics to Marketing/ sales Marketing/ sales would not be able to function well if they would not know the radio program schedule that will be aired. As such, the radio program schedule should be always accessible for marketing/ sales personnel and to do this the outbound logistics has to update the schedules all the time. In so doing, creating an online system to coordinate the radio program schedule between the two departments can increase productivity. As such, marketing/ sales personnel who are out on field work could easil y go to clients and use the online radio program schedule on their client meetings. Better yet, companies could also directly use the online radio program schedule to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“buyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  airtime in radio broadcasting to advertise their products. Inbound logistics - operations - Outbound logistics - mktg/sales - After-sales support stage ICT 5: System to capture audience information Connect Inbound logistics to After-sales support Knowing your target audience is an important part in the radio broadcasting industry. As such, supporting the linkage between Inbound logistics and After-sales support should be cyclical and must be supported with an ICT. Creating a technology that could capture the audience information much like market surveys do will be critical in order for the company to develop the information that the radio company will use for its programming. For example, an online or computer system could be developed to get the listener information such that future programming schedules of radio companies could depend on those information to capture more of the listenerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wants/ demands. 3.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Industry borders are blurring in this new millennium and companies should exercise full caution and outlook in the future. We have seen that the effects of technology in business today and as such, it is critical for the companies to adapt and change accordingly. By adapting different ICT strategies, the New Zealand Radio Broadcast industry and particularly the radio companies in it, could remain in business well into the future. Utilizing the appropriate ICT and implementing it in a well-developed plan can defend against the other forces in the Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Five forces analysis. As such, management should firstly analyze the whole radio broadcast industry to identify the forces that is challenging it. Afterwards, implementing concrete and logical actions i.e. ICTs strategies should negate and change the negative forces into positives that may result in favor of the company. In addition, the ICTs that the company/ industry should implement should be in accordance with the overall business strategy. An ICT plan would be ineffective if it will not be supported by top management specially if it requires a long period of time to implement and needs huge budgeting. The ICT should be planned extensively and should really produce the desired outcomes that are needed to improve the company. In addition, the ICT should not just link the factors in the value chain but improve and create a sustainable growth in it. Otherwise, inappropriate ICT could just result to negative effects i.e. wasted money/investment and time. Managers should be also mindful that these ICTs are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“changesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that can impact both internal and external stakeholders. The ICTs should implement organizational change strategies like Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Calm Wate r Metaphor (Unfreeze, Change Refreeze) to implement the ICTs and make the stakeholders more receptive to the change. With this, radio companies and the whole New Zealand Radio broadcast industry itself could further exist successfully into the future. 4.0 REFERENCES Hill,C.W., Jones,G.R. (2008).Strategic management: An integrated approach. Boston, 8: Houghton Mifflin. Pearlson, K.E. Saunders, C.S. (2013). Managing using information systems: a strategic approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Radio Spectrum Management. (2014, December 8). New Zealand Radiocommunications History | Radio Spectrum Management. Retrieved from https://www.rsm.govt.nz/about-rsm/who-is-radio-spectrum-management/new-zealand-radiocommunications-history TechTerms. (2010, January 4). ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) Definition. Retrieved from https://techterms.com/definition/ict 1 | Page